In a remarkable advancement for wearable technology, Google researchers have discovered a unique approach to measure heart rate using existing noise-canceling headphones, bypassing the traditionally employed photoplethysmography (PPG). This method, known as audioplethysmography (APG), utilizes ultrasound, making it a promising alternative to the limitations of PPG.
Redefining Heart Rate Monitoring
Most wearables today, from smartwatches to wireless earbuds, predominantly depend on PPG. This method uses light pulses to gauge blood activity, but it’s not without its drawbacks. For instance, getting accurate heart rate readings on darker natural skin tones or tattoos has often been a challenge. This is where Google’s latest approach offers a compelling alternative.
Instead of relying on light, APG uses ultrasound. By sending a low-intensity ultrasound signal into the ear canal and catching its reflections using the tiny microphone equipped for active noise-cancelling (ANC), it’s possible to detect perturbations on the skin surface caused by blood flow.
One of the standout qualities of this technique, as detailed in the research blog spotted by 9to5Google, is its resilience. Whether it’s a less-than-perfect ear seal, varying ear canal sizes, or the challenges posed by different skin tones, APG seems up to the task.
Music On, Heart Rate Checked
Interestingly, music doesn’t hinder the APG method. While the ultrasound technique encounters some hitches in noisy environments, researchers found a workaround: using multiple frequencies and selecting the most precise signal.
In their explorations, Google’s team also delved into the influence of microphone placement. They utilized purpose-built prototypes alongside commercially available earbuds for their trials. A field study with 153 participants indicated a median error rate of 3.21% for heart rate and 2.70% for heart rate variability.
Not Just Another Wearable Tech
While PPG-based headphones for heart rate monitoring have been in circulation, they aren’t immune to challenges, especially during intense movements or when they fit improperly.
However, before we get too excited, it’s vital to note that this is a study. While it doesn’t necessarily imply that Google will soon roll out headphones with these capabilities or update existing models, it does offer a glimpse into Google’s forward-thinking approach in the wearables domain.
For those keen on delving deeper into the mechanics and findings of this study, Google has made it available for download on their official website.
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